Difference between revisions of "Vogel's IPR"

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<div style='text-align: right;'>By Mikhail Tuzovskiy on {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}</div>
 
==Vogel's Inflow Performance Relationship==
 
==Vogel's Inflow Performance Relationship==
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[[File:Vogel's.png|thumb|right|400px| Vogel's IPR<ref name=Vogel />]]
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[[File:Vogel's.png|thumb|right|300px| Vogel's IPR<ref name=Vogel />]]
  
 
[[Vogel's IPR]] is an empirical two-phase (oil + gas) inflow performance relationship correlation published in '''1968'''  <ref name=Vogel />.
 
[[Vogel's IPR]] is an empirical two-phase (oil + gas) inflow performance relationship correlation published in '''1968'''  <ref name=Vogel />.
  
 
[[Vogel's IPR]] is based on computer simulations to several solution gas drive reservoirs for different fluid and reservoir relative permeability properties.
 
[[Vogel's IPR]] is based on computer simulations to several solution gas drive reservoirs for different fluid and reservoir relative permeability properties.
 +
 +
[[Vogel's IPR]] is the default [[IPR]] correlation to calculate oil wells performance in the [[:Category:PQplot|PQplot]] nodal analysis software which is available online at petroleum engineering site [https://www.pengtools.com www.pengtools.com].
  
 
==Math and Physics==
 
==Math and Physics==
−
===Oil well IPR equation===
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===[[Vogel's IPR]] equation===
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*[[Darcy's law]] inflow equation for the single phase incompressible liquid:
+
:<math> \frac{q_o}{q_{o_{max}}} = 1-0.2 \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} \right )^2</math> <ref name=Vogel />
 +
 
 +
===[[Darcy's law]] + [[Vogel's IPR]]===
 +
Combination single phase liquid constant PI equation and [[Vogel's IPR]]:
 +
 
 +
[[File:Constant PI and Vogel's IPR.png|300px| Combination Constant PI and Vogel's IPR]]<ref name=KermitBrown1984 />
 +
 
 +
:<math> q_{ob} = J (\bar{P} - P_b) </math><ref name=KermitBrown1984 /> , oil flow rate at the bubble point.
 +
 
 +
:<math> q_{o_{max}} = q_{ob} + \frac{J P_b}{1.8} </math> <ref name= Neely /> , maximum oil rate or absolute open flow (AOF).
 +
 
 +
:<math> q_o = q_{ob} + (q_{o_{max}} - q_{ob})  \left (1-0.2 \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} \right )^2 \right )</math><ref name=KermitBrown1984 /> , oil rate at given flowing bottomhole pressure.
  
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:<math> q = \frac{kh}{141.2 B \mu}\ (\bar{P} - P_{wf}) J_D</math>
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:<math> J = \frac{q_o}{\bar{P}-P_b + \frac{P_b}{1.8} \left (1-0.2 \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} \right )^2 \right ) } </math><ref name=KermitBrown1984 /> , productivity index for test below the bubble point pressure.
  
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*[[Vogel's IPR]] two phase equation (oil + gas) and it's combination with single phase liquid
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==Discussion ==
−
*[[Composite IPR]] three phase equation (oil + gas + water)
 
  
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===Gas well IPR equation ===
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Why [[Vogel's IPR]]?
−
*[[Darcy's law]] gas inflow equation:
 
  
−
:<math>q_g=\frac{kh}{1422 \times 10^3\ T_R}\ (P_{\bar{P}} - P_{P_{wf}})\ J_D </math>
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{{Quote| text = Vogel's IPR solution has been found to be very good and is widely used in prediction of IPR curves. | source = Kermit Brown et al<ref name=KermitBrown1984 />}}
  
−
*C and n equation
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==[[Vogel's IPR]] calculation workflow==
 +
===1. Calculate the Productivity Index, J:===
 +
:1.1 J from the flow test:
 +
::* Test is above the bubble point:
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::<math>J=\frac{q_{o_{test}}}{\bar{P}-P_{wf}}</math>
 +
::* Test is below the bubble point:
 +
::<math> J = \frac{q_{o_{test}}}{\bar{P}-P_b + \frac{P_b}{1.8} \left (1-0.2 \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} \right )^2 \right ) }</math>
 +
:1.2 J from kh and [[JD]]:
 +
:: <math>J = \frac{kh\ J_D}{141.2 B \mu}</math>
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:1.3 J from kh  and skin:
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:: <math>J = \frac{kh\ \frac{1}{1 / 0.13 + S}}{141.2 B \mu}</math>
  
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==IPR calculator software==
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===2. Calculate the flowing rates, q<sub>o</sub>:===
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*[[:Category:PQplot | PQplot]] nodal analysis software is used to calculate the [[IPR]] curves. [[:Category:PQplot | PQplot]] is available online at [https://www.pengtools.com www.pengtools.com].
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For each P<sub>wf</sub> from <math>\bar{P}</math> to 0:
−
*Excel
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:2.1 Calculate oil flow rate at the bubble point:
−
*other
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::<math> q_{ob} = J (\bar{P} - P_b) </math>
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:2.2 Calculate maximum oil rate:
 +
::<math> q_{o_{max}} = q_{ob} + \frac{J P_b}{1.8} </math>
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:2.3 Calculate oil rate at given flowing bottomhole pressure, P<sub>wf</sub>:
 +
::<math> q_o = q_{ob} + (q_{o_{max}} - q_{ob})  \left (1-0.2 \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} \right )^2 \right )</math>
 +
 
 +
==[[Vogel's IPR]] calculation example==
 +
[[File:Vogel's IPR calculation example.png|thumb|right|400px| Figure.1 [https://www.pengtools.com/pqPlot?paramsToken=e9d7a7fc72e7264858153a4a9099bcf7 Vogel's IPR calculation example]]]
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Following the example problem #6, page 15 <ref name=KermitBrown1984 />:
 +
===Given:===
 +
:<math>\bar{P}</math>=4200 psi
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:J=2 b/d/psi
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:P<sub>b</sub>=3000 psi
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===Calculate:===
 +
:(1) q<sub>ob</sub>
 +
:(2) q<sub>max</sub>
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:(3) q for P<sub>wf</sub>=1500 psi
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===Solution:===
 +
:(1) <math> q_{ob} = J (\bar{P} - P_b) = 2 \times (4200 - 3000) = 2400\ b/d</math>
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:(2) <math> q_{o_{max}} = q_{ob} + \frac{J P_b}{1.8} = 2400 + \frac{2 \times 3000}{1.8} = 2400 + 3333 = 5733\ b/d</math>
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:(3 )<math> q_o = q_{ob} + (q_{o_{max}} - q_{ob})  \left (1-0.2 \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} \right )^2 \right ) </math>
 +
::<math> q_o = 2400 + (5733 - 2400)  \left (1-0.2 \frac{1500}{4200} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{1500}{4200} \right )^2 \right )</math>
 +
::<math> q_o = 2400 + 3333 \times 0.7 = 4733\ b/d</math>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
With the help of the [[:Category:PQplot|PQplot]] software, other values of flowing pressure has been assumed, and the corresponding values of flow rate were determined. From these, the IPR cure was plotted ('''Fig.1''').
 +
 
 +
The  [[:Category:PQplot|PQplot]] model from this example is available online by the following link: [https://www.pengtools.com/pqPlot?paramsToken=e9d7a7fc72e7264858153a4a9099bcf7 Vogel's IPR calculation example]
  
 
== Nomenclature  ==
 
== Nomenclature  ==
 
:<math> B </math> = formation volume factor, bbl/stb
 
:<math> B </math> = formation volume factor, bbl/stb
 +
:<math> J </math> = productivity index, stb/d/psia
 
:<math> J_D </math> = dimensionless productivity index, dimensionless
 
:<math> J_D </math> = dimensionless productivity index, dimensionless
 
:<math> kh</math> = permeability times thickness, md*ft
 
:<math> kh</math> = permeability times thickness, md*ft
 +
:<math> P </math> = pressure, psia
 
:<math> \bar{P} </math> = average reservoir pressure, psia
 
:<math> \bar{P} </math> = average reservoir pressure, psia
−
:<math> P_{\bar{P}} </math> = average reservoir pseudopressure, psia<sup>2</sup>/cP
 
−
:<math> P_{wf} </math> = well flowing pressure, psia
 
−
:<math> P_{P_{wf}} </math> = average well flowing pseudopressure, psia<sup>2</sup>/cP
 
 
:<math> q </math> = flowing rate, stb/d
 
:<math> q </math> = flowing rate, stb/d
−
:<math> q_g </math> = gas rate, MMscfd
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:<math> S </math> = skin factor, dimensionless
−
:<math> T </math> = temperature, °R
 
  
 
===Greek symbols===
 
===Greek symbols===
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:<math> \mu </math> = viscosity, cp
 
:<math> \mu </math> = viscosity, cp
  
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=== References ===
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===Subscripts===
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 +
:b = at bubble point pressure<BR/>
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:max = maximum<BR/>
 +
:o = oil<BR/>
 +
:test = well test<BR/>
 +
:wf = well flowing bottomhole pressure<BR/>
 +
 
 +
== References ==
 
<references>
 
<references>
 
<ref name=Vogel>{{cite journal
 
<ref name=Vogel>{{cite journal
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  |date=1968
 
  |date=1968
 
}}</ref>
 
}}</ref>
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 +
<ref name= KermitBrown1984 >{{cite book
 +
|last1= Brown |first1= Kermit
 +
|title=The Technology of Artificial Lift Methods. Volume 4. Production Optimization of Oil and Gas Wells by Nodal System Analysis
 +
|publisher=PennWellBookss
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|date=1984
 +
|place=Tulsa, Oklahoma
 +
}}</ref>
 +
 +
<ref name= Neely >{{cite book
 +
|last1= Neely |first1=  A.B.
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|title=Use of IPR Curves
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|publisher=Shell Oil Co
 +
|place=Houston, Texas
 +
|date=1976
 +
}}</ref>
 +
  
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
−
:[[141.2 derivation]]<BR/>
+
:[[IPR]]<BR/>
 +
:[[3 Phase IPR]]<BR/>
 
:[[Darcy's law]]<BR/>
 
:[[Darcy's law]]<BR/>
 
:[[JD]]<BR/>
 
:[[JD]]<BR/>
−
:[[Production Potential]]
+
:[[141.2 derivation]]<BR/>
  
 
{{#seo:
 
{{#seo:
−
|title=Vogel Inflow Performance Relationship
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|title=Vogel's Inflow Performance Relationship
 
|titlemode= replace
 
|titlemode= replace
−
|keywords=Inflow Performance Relationship, nodal analysis, IPR curve, IPR calculator
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|keywords=Inflow Performance Relationship, nodal analysis, IPR curve, IPR calculator, Vogel's IPR
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|description=Vogel IPR is a curve of producing rates plotted against well bottomhole pressures .
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|description=Vogel IPR curve equation for well performance analysis.
 
}}
 
}}
  
 
[[Category:PQplot]]
 
[[Category:PQplot]]

Latest revision as of 05:29, 3 January 2023

By Mikhail Tuzovskiy on 20230103052908

Vogel's Inflow Performance Relationship

Vogel's IPR[1]

Vogel's IPR is an empirical two-phase (oil + gas) inflow performance relationship correlation published in 1968 [1].

Vogel's IPR is based on computer simulations to several solution gas drive reservoirs for different fluid and reservoir relative permeability properties.

Vogel's IPR is the default IPR correlation to calculate oil wells performance in the PQplot nodal analysis software which is available online at petroleum engineering site www.pengtools.com.

Math and Physics

Vogel's IPR equation

\frac{q_o}{q_{o_{max}}} = 1-0.2 \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} \right )^2 [1]

Darcy's law + Vogel's IPR

Combination single phase liquid constant PI equation and Vogel's IPR:

Combination Constant PI and Vogel's IPR[2]

q_{ob} = J (\bar{P} - P_b) [2] , oil flow rate at the bubble point.
q_{o_{max}} = q_{ob} + \frac{J P_b}{1.8} [3] , maximum oil rate or absolute open flow (AOF).
q_o = q_{ob} + (q_{o_{max}} - q_{ob}) \left (1-0.2 \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} \right )^2 \right )[2] , oil rate at given flowing bottomhole pressure.
J = \frac{q_o}{\bar{P}-P_b + \frac{P_b}{1.8} \left (1-0.2 \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} \right )^2 \right ) } [2] , productivity index for test below the bubble point pressure.

Discussion

Why Vogel's IPR?

Vogel's IPR solution has been found to be very good and is widely used in prediction of IPR curves.
— Kermit Brown et al[2]

Vogel's IPR calculation workflow

1. Calculate the Productivity Index, J:

1.1 J from the flow test:
  • Test is above the bubble point:
J=\frac{q_{o_{test}}}{\bar{P}-P_{wf}}
  • Test is below the bubble point:
J = \frac{q_{o_{test}}}{\bar{P}-P_b + \frac{P_b}{1.8} \left (1-0.2 \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} \right )^2 \right ) }
1.2 J from kh and JD:
J = \frac{kh\ J_D}{141.2 B \mu}
1.3 J from kh and skin:
J = \frac{kh\ \frac{1}{1 / 0.13 + S}}{141.2 B \mu}

2. Calculate the flowing rates, qo:

For each Pwf from \bar{P} to 0:

2.1 Calculate oil flow rate at the bubble point:
q_{ob} = J (\bar{P} - P_b)
2.2 Calculate maximum oil rate:
q_{o_{max}} = q_{ob} + \frac{J P_b}{1.8}
2.3 Calculate oil rate at given flowing bottomhole pressure, Pwf:
q_o = q_{ob} + (q_{o_{max}} - q_{ob}) \left (1-0.2 \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} \right )^2 \right )

Vogel's IPR calculation example

Figure.1 Vogel's IPR calculation example

Following the example problem #6, page 15 [2]:

Given:

\bar{P}=4200 psi
J=2 b/d/psi
Pb=3000 psi

Calculate:

(1) qob
(2) qmax
(3) q for Pwf=1500 psi

Solution:

(1) q_{ob} = J (\bar{P} - P_b) = 2 \times (4200 - 3000) = 2400\ b/d
(2) q_{o_{max}} = q_{ob} + \frac{J P_b}{1.8} = 2400 + \frac{2 \times 3000}{1.8} = 2400 + 3333 = 5733\ b/d
(3 ) q_o = q_{ob} + (q_{o_{max}} - q_{ob}) \left (1-0.2 \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{P_{wf}}{\bar{P}} \right )^2 \right )
q_o = 2400 + (5733 - 2400) \left (1-0.2 \frac{1500}{4200} - 0.8 \left ( \frac{1500}{4200} \right )^2 \right )
q_o = 2400 + 3333 \times 0.7 = 4733\ b/d


With the help of the PQplot software, other values of flowing pressure has been assumed, and the corresponding values of flow rate were determined. From these, the IPR cure was plotted (Fig.1).

The PQplot model from this example is available online by the following link: Vogel's IPR calculation example

Nomenclature

B = formation volume factor, bbl/stb
J = productivity index, stb/d/psia
J_D = dimensionless productivity index, dimensionless
kh = permeability times thickness, md*ft
P = pressure, psia
\bar{P} = average reservoir pressure, psia
q = flowing rate, stb/d
S = skin factor, dimensionless

Greek symbols

\mu = viscosity, cp

Subscripts

b = at bubble point pressure
max = maximum
o = oil
test = well test
wf = well flowing bottomhole pressure

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Vogel, J. V. (1968). "Inflow Performance Relationships for Solution-Gas Drive Wells". Journal of Petroleum Technology. 20 (SPE-1476-PA). 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Brown, Kermit (1984). The Technology of Artificial Lift Methods. Volume 4. Production Optimization of Oil and Gas Wells by Nodal System Analysis. Tulsa, Oklahoma: PennWellBookss. 
  3. ↑ Neely, A.B. (1976). Use of IPR Curves. Houston, Texas: Shell Oil Co. 

See also

IPR
3 Phase IPR
Darcy's law
JD
141.2 derivation
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