Difference between revisions of "P/Z plot"

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__TOC__
 
__TOC__
 
== Brief ==
 
== Brief ==
−
The [[P/Z plot]] is a plot of P/z versus cumulative gas production, G<sub>p</sub>.
+
The [[P/Z plot]] is a plot of P/z versus [[Reservoirs | Reservoir]] cumulative gas production, G<sub>p</sub>.
  
 
The interpretation technique is fitting the data points with the straight line to estimate GIIP.
 
The interpretation technique is fitting the data points with the straight line to estimate GIIP.
  
 
The [[P/Z plot]] is based on the [[Gas Material Balance]] equation.
 
The [[P/Z plot]] is based on the [[Gas Material Balance]] equation.
 +
 +
[[File:PoverZ.png|thumb|right|600px|link=https://ep.pengtools.com/reservoir/plots| P/Z plot at ep.pengtools.com|right]]
  
 
== Math & Physics ==
 
== Math & Physics ==
  
 
Applying [[Real Gas]] [[EOS]] at reservoir conditions:
 
Applying [[Real Gas]] [[EOS]] at reservoir conditions:
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:<math> PV_r=z\frac{m}{M} RT_r</math> (1)
+
:<math> PV_r=z\frac{m}{M} RT_r</math>   (1)
  
 
Applying [[Real Gas]] [[EOS]] at standard conditions:
 
Applying [[Real Gas]] [[EOS]] at standard conditions:
−
:<math> P_{SC}V_g=1\frac{m}{M} RT_{SC}</math> (2)
+
:<math> P_{SC}V_g=1\frac{m}{M} RT_{SC}</math>   (2)
  
 
Dividing eq. 2 by eq. 1 and rearranging:
 
Dividing eq. 2 by eq. 1 and rearranging:
−
:<math> V_g=\frac{P}{z} \frac{V_rT_{SC}}{P_{SC}T_{r}}</math>(3)
+
:<math> V_g=\frac{P}{z} \frac{V_rT_{SC}}{P_{SC}T_{r}}</math>     (3)
  
 
Applying eq. 3 for initial conditions and for any point in time:
 
Applying eq. 3 for initial conditions and for any point in time:
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== Discussion  ==
 
== Discussion  ==
  
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[[Griffith correlation]] adds a hook to the originally straight [[Hagedorn and Brown]] VLP curve.
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[[P/Z plot]] is a part of the [[Reservoir Management]] workflow in the [[:Category:E&P Portal | E&P Portal]] used to estimate [[Reservoirs]] GIIP and recovery.
 +
 
 +
'''Example 1. Multiple Reservoirs on the same [[P/Z plot]]''' in the [[:Category:E&P Portal | E&P Portal]]
 +
 
 +
[[File:Poverz_multiple_reservoirs.png]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
[[Gas Flowing Material Balance]] is the more advanced tool to determine the [[Reservoirs]] GIIP and recovery as well as [[Well]]'s [[EUR]] and [[JD]].
 +
 
 +
== Workflow  ==
 +
# Upload the data required
 +
# Go to the [[Reservoir Management]] -> [https://ep.pengtools.com/reservoir/plots Performance Plots]
 +
# Select the [[Reservoirs]] you want to see and the Data range and click "Search"
 +
# Scroll down the Performance Plots to see the [[P/Z plot]]
 +
 
 +
=== Data Required===
 +
{{Data required for Reservoir Management}}
 +
 
 +
== See also ==
 +
[[Gas Flowing Material Balance]]<BR/>
 +
[[Gas Material Balance]]<BR/>
  
 
== Nomenclature  ==
 
== Nomenclature  ==
  
−
:<math> GIIP </math> = gas initially in place, ft<sup>3</sup>
+
:<math> GIIP </math> = gas initially in place, scf
 +
:<math> G_p </math> = cumulative gas produced, scf
 
:<math> P </math> = reservoir pressure (changing), psia
 
:<math> P </math> = reservoir pressure (changing), psia
 
:<math> P_{i} </math> = initial reservoir pressure (constant), psia
 
:<math> P_{i} </math> = initial reservoir pressure (constant), psia
 
:<math> P_{SC} </math> = pressure at standard conditions, psia
 
:<math> P_{SC} </math> = pressure at standard conditions, psia
−
:<math> T_i </math> = initial reservoir pressure (constant), °R
+
:<math> T_i </math> = initial reservoir temperature (constant), °R
−
:<math> T_r </math> = reservoir pressure (constant), °R
+
:<math> T_r </math> = reservoir temperature (constant), °R
 
:<math> T_{SC} </math> = temperature at standard conditions (constant), °R
 
:<math> T_{SC} </math> = temperature at standard conditions (constant), °R
 +
:<math> V_g </math> = volume of gas in reservoir converted to standard conditions (changing), scf
 
:<math> V_r </math> = reservoir volume (constant), ft<sup>3</sup>
 
:<math> V_r </math> = reservoir volume (constant), ft<sup>3</sup>
−
:<math> V_g </math> = volume of gas in reservoir converted to standard conditions (changing), ft<sup>3</sup>
 
 
:<math> z </math> = gas compressibility factor (changing), dimensionless
 
:<math> z </math> = gas compressibility factor (changing), dimensionless
 +
:<math> z_i </math> = initial gas compressibility factor (constant), dimensionless
  
−
== References ==
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[[Category:Reservoir Management]]
−
<references>
+
[[Category:E&P Portal]]
−
 
 
−
<ref name= Griffith>{{cite journal
 
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|last1= Griffith |first1=P.
 
−
|last2= Wallis |first2=G. B.
 
−
|title=Two-Phase Slug Flow
 
−
|journal=Journal of Heat Transfer
 
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|publisher = ASME
 
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|date=August 1961
 
−
|volume=83
 
−
|pages=307-320
 
−
|url=http://heattransfer.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=1432339&resultClick=3
 
−
|url-access= subscription
 
−
}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
<ref name= Orkiszewski>{{cite journal
 
−
|last1= Orkiszewski |first1=J.
 
−
|title=Predicting Two-Phase Pressure Drops in Vertical Pipe
 
−
|journal=Journal of Petroleum Technology
 
−
|publisher = SPE
 
−
|number = SPE-1546-PA
 
−
|date=June 1967
 
−
|volume=19
 
−
|url=https://www.onepetro.org/journal-paper/SPE-1546-PA
 
−
|url-access= subscription
 
−
}}</ref>
 
  
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<ref name=Economides>{{cite book
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{{#seo:
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|last1= Economides |first1=M.J.
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|title=P/Z plot to estimate reservoirs GIIP
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|last2= Hill |first2=A.D.
+
|titlemode= replace
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|last3= Economides |first3=C.E.
+
|keywords=giip calculation, reservoir engineering, material balance, petroleum engineering
−
|last4= Zhu |first4=D.
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|description=P/Z plot is and quick and easy to use tool to estimate reservoirs GIIP.
−
|title=Petroleum Production Systems
+
}}
−
|edition=2
 
−
|date=2013
 
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|publisher=Prentice Hall
 
−
|place=Westford, Massachusetts
 
−
|isbn=978-0-13-703158-0
 
−
}}</ref>
 
−
</references>
 
−
 
 
−
[[Category:E&P Portal]]
 

Latest revision as of 05:22, 8 November 2018

Brief

The P/Z plot is a plot of P/z versus Reservoir cumulative gas production, Gp.

The interpretation technique is fitting the data points with the straight line to estimate GIIP.

The P/Z plot is based on the Gas Material Balance equation.

P/Z plot at ep.pengtools.com

Math & Physics

Applying Real Gas EOS at reservoir conditions:

PV_r=z\frac{m}{M} RT_r (1)

Applying Real Gas EOS at standard conditions:

P_{SC}V_g=1\frac{m}{M} RT_{SC} (2)

Dividing eq. 2 by eq. 1 and rearranging:

V_g=\frac{P}{z} \frac{V_rT_{SC}}{P_{SC}T_{r}} (3)

Applying eq. 3 for initial conditions and for any point in time:

GIIP=\frac{P_i}{z_i} \frac{V_rT_{SC}}{P_{SC}T_{r}}

Applying eq. 3 for any point in time:

GIIP-G_p=\frac{P}{z} \frac{V_rT_{SC}}{P_{SC}T_{r}}

Therefore at any time:

\frac{G_p}{GIIP}=1-\frac{P}{z} \frac{z_i}{P_i}

Or:

\frac{P}{z}=\frac{P_i}{z_i} \left (1- \frac{G_p}{GIIP}\right )

Thus a plot of P/z vs cumulative produced gas is a straight line intersecting X axis at GIIP.

Discussion

P/Z plot is a part of the Reservoir Management workflow in the E&P Portal used to estimate Reservoirs GIIP and recovery.

Example 1. Multiple Reservoirs on the same P/Z plot in the E&P Portal

Poverz multiple reservoirs.png


Gas Flowing Material Balance is the more advanced tool to determine the Reservoirs GIIP and recovery as well as Well's EUR and JD.

Workflow

  1. Upload the data required
  2. Go to the Reservoir Management -> Performance Plots
  3. Select the Reservoirs you want to see and the Data range and click "Search"
  4. Scroll down the Performance Plots to see the P/Z plot

Data Required

In case you need to calculate the Monthly Measures from the Daily Measures:

See also

Gas Flowing Material Balance
Gas Material Balance

Nomenclature

GIIP = gas initially in place, scf
G_p = cumulative gas produced, scf
P = reservoir pressure (changing), psia
P_{i} = initial reservoir pressure (constant), psia
P_{SC} = pressure at standard conditions, psia
T_i = initial reservoir temperature (constant), °R
T_r = reservoir temperature (constant), °R
T_{SC} = temperature at standard conditions (constant), °R
V_g = volume of gas in reservoir converted to standard conditions (changing), scf
V_r = reservoir volume (constant), ft3
z = gas compressibility factor (changing), dimensionless
z_i = initial gas compressibility factor (constant), dimensionless
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