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==Well Nodal Analysis==
[[File:Well Nodal Analysis.png|thumb|right|400px| Well Nodal Analysis]]

[[Well Nodal Analysis]] is the fundamental [[Petroleum Engineering|petroleum engineering]] technique published in '''1979''' by Joe Mach <ref name=JoeMach/>. For his invention Joe Mach was [https://youtu.be/xArtxcT5joc?t=2749 honored] as a JPT Legend of Production and Operations in 2009<ref name=Legends/>.

[[Well Nodal Analysis]] is used to predict the well rate and performance by combining the reservoir inflow with the wellbore lift capacity by intersecting the [[IPR]] and [[VLP]] curves on a pressure vs rate plot.

For the given reservoir [[Well Nodal Analysis]] calculates how much oil, water and gas can be produced by the given well.

[[:Category:PQplot | PQplot]] is a [[Well Nodal Analysis]] software available online at [https://www.pengtools.com/pqPlot www.pengtools.com].

==The Power of Well Nodal Analysis==
[[File:Location of various nodes.png|thumb|right|400px| Location of various nodes <ref name=JoeMach/>]]

[[Well Nodal Analysis]] is the cornerstone of [[Petroleum Engineering| petroleum engineering]]. It allows to:

# Calculate the well [[Production Potential | production potential]] and identify the performance gaps to maximize oil and gas production.
# Evaluate the various well nodes impact on production. Nodes: reservoir, perforation, tubing string, restrictions, downhole safety valves, the surface chokes, the surface flow lines and separator.

==Typical Applications==
* Estimation of well [[Production Potential | production potential]] and absolute open flow (AOF)
* Tubing sizing
* Selection of the operating wellhead pressures
* Artificial lift design. Gas lift. [[ESP]] sizing.
* Sensitivity studies

==Math and Physics==
[[Well Nodal Analysis]] is done on a pressure vs rate plot. [[IPR]] and [[VLP]] curves intersect at well operating point.

Well [[IPR]] curve: [[Darcy's law]], [[Vogel's IPR]], [[Composite IPR]].

Well [[VLP]] curve: [[Hagedorn and Brown]] multiphase flow correlation

==Well Nodal Analysis Example==
Given data<ref name=JoeMach/>:
 SG<sub>g</sub>=0.65, SG<sub>o</sub>=35 API, P<sub>r</sub>=2200 psi, P<sub>b</sub>=1800 psi, T<sub>r</sub>=140 F, depth = 5000ft, tubing size = 2 3/8 in OD, GOR=400 scf/stb, WOR=0
 Productivity index J = 1 bbl/d/psi

It's required to find the well flowing rate at the wellhead pressure of 230 psi. Surface flow line and separator are not in question<ref name= KermitBrown1984/>.
===Solution at bottom of well ===
In order to solve for the flow rate at bottomhole (node position 6), the entire system  is divided into two components, the reservoir or well capability component, [[IPR]] and the piping system component, [[VLP]].

:First, [[Vogel's IPR | Vogel's equation]] is used to calculate the [[IPR]] curve. The AOF = 1400 bbl/d

<table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1">
<tr><th>Rate, bbl/d</th><th>Pwf, psi</th></tr>
 <tr><td>0</td><td>2200</td></tr>
 <tr><td>200</td><td>2000</td></tr>
 <tr><td>400</td><td>1800</td></tr>
 <tr><td>600</td><td>1590</td></tr>
 <tr><td>800</td><td>1350</td></tr>
 <tr><td>1000</td><td>1067</td></tr>
 <tr><td>1400</td><td>0</td></tr>
</table>


:Second, [[Hagedorn and Brown]] multiphase flow correlation is used to calculate the required tubing intake pressures at the given wellhead pressure, [[VLP]] curve.

<table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1">
<tr><th>Rate, bbl/d</th><th>Pwf, psi</th></tr>
 <tr><td>0</td><td>1929</td></tr>
 <tr><td>200</td><td>1065</td></tr>
 <tr><td>400</td><td>1929</td></tr>
 <tr><td>600</td><td>1181</td></tr>
 <tr><td>800</td><td>1235</td></tr>
 <tr><td>1000</td><td>1289</td></tr>
 <tr><td>1400</td><td>1399</td></tr>
</table>


:Third, [[IPR]] and [[VLP]] curves are plotted on the pressure vs rate plot. The intersection of these two curves shows the flow rate to be 872 bbl/d.

[[File:Well Nodal Analysis Example.png | Solution at Bottom of Well]]

{{Quote| text = This is "the rate" possible for this system. It is not a maximum, minimum, or optimum but is the rate at which this well will produce for the piping system installed. The rate can be changed only by changing something in the system - that is, pipe sizes, choke or by shifting the [[IPR]] curve through simulation treatment. | source = Kermit Brown et al <ref name= KermitBrown1984/>}}

== See also ==
*[[Petroleum Engineering]]
*[[Hydraulic fracturing]]

== References ==
<references>

<ref name= JoeMach>
{{cite journal
 |last1= Mach |first1=Joe
 |last2= Proano |first2=Eduardo
 |last3= Brown |first3=Kermit E.
 |title=A Nodal Approach For Applying Systems Analysis To The Flowing And Artificial Lift Oil Or Gas Well
 |date=1979
 |publisher=Society of Petroleum Engineers
 |number=SPE-8025-MS
 |url=https://www.onepetro.org/general/SPE-8025-MS
 |url-access=registration 
}}</ref>

<ref name=Legends>
{{cite journal
 |last1= JPT |first1=staff
 |title=Legends of Production and Operation
 |date=2009
 |publisher=Society of Petroleum Engineers
 |journal=Journal of Petroleum Technology
 |number=SPE-1209-0033-JPT
 |url=https://www.onepetro.org/journal-paper/SPE-1209-0033-JPT
 |url-access=registration 

}}</ref>

<ref name= KermitBrown1984 >{{cite book
 |last1= Brown |first1= Kermit
 |title=The Technology of Artificial Lift Methods. Volume 4. Production Optimization of Oil and Gas Wells by Nodal System Analysis
 |publisher=PennWellBookss
 |date=1984
 |place=Tulsa, Oklahoma
}}</ref>

</references>

[[Category:Technology]]

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|title=Well Nodal Analysis
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|description=Well Nodal Analysis is the fundamental petroleum engineering technique published in 1979 by Joe Mach.
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